Basic Biomechanics - The First Step to Injury Prevention

As you know, the path to weight loss in rife withwalking from behind, or to have a trained professional
many stumbling blocks. Life stresses, boredom, lackwatch you and make the necessary adjustments.
of motivation, lack of time, incorrect information, allThese adjustments are typically small, and the
of these things can deter progress. For the mostproblem is not difficult to fix once it is identified.
part, these things are preventable. However, one- ANTERIOR TO POSTERIOR BALANCE: This
hurdle that many people view as not preventable isbasically means front to back balance. Looking at
injuries. We tend to assume that getting injured isyour body from the side, imagine a line that begins at
just one of those things that can happen, and is sortthe top of your head, passes through your shoulder
of inevitable. Often, when it does happen, we feel aship, and down to your heel. This line should divide
though there is nothing we can do. This is frequentlyyour body in half, making it equally balanced on both
the point that most of us will give up. Although wesides of the line. Essentially, it should look as though
may ask ourselves what went wrong, often, we areyou are standing at a ninety degree angle, and not
at a loss as to why the injury happened. While weleaning forward or backward. As you walk and run,
may have some ideas, such as not stretchingthe point at which your foot first contacts the
enough, not warming up properly, or just an accident,ground should fall directly on this line. That is to say
one of the things we fail to consider is ourthat your foot should hit the ground directly under
biomechanics.your head. While at increased speeds, such as when
Biomechanics basically means the mechanics of howsprinting, you may be leaning forward, your foot
we move. Looking at the body as a machine,should continue to contact the ground directly in line
biomechanics studies whether or not all of the partswith your head. If you lean forward, for example,
function properly. Essentially, do all of the musclesyour foot would contact the ground further forward,
work they way they are supposed to? Inherent inand vice-versa if you are leaning backward.
this question, is a framework for understanding theWhatever the case may be your head and foot
way a human body moves most efficiently. Withincontact should always remain on a vertical line, so
this framework, there are a couple of key elements.that connecting the two points that they make
The theory is that when each of these things iswould create a ninety degree angle. When this is not
achieved, the body will move as efficiently asthe case and the person tends to lean forward with
possible, and risk of injury will be significantlythe head leading the point of contact of the foot,
decreased. Further, with a failure to achieve thesethere is more weight displaced on the anterior
things, the risk of injury increases. With greaterportions of the body. An imbalance such as this
deviations from these things, the risk of injurypredisposes the person injuries such as patellar
becomes larger. Clearly then, injury prevention iscompression, shin splints, and strains of the erector
dependent on understanding this framework andspinae muscles. When the opposite is the case, and
thereby decreasing risk as much as possible. So let'sthe person lean backward with the point of contact
take a look at what these factors are, and how weof the foot in front of the head, there is more
achieve them.weight displaced on the posterior portions of the
- MEDIAL TO LATERAL BALANCE: Basically thisbody. This imbalance can cause injuries such as stress
means side to side balance. To understand thisfractures of the lower leg, heel bruising, hip
concept, imagine a line drawn down the center ofcompression, and arthritis of the ankle, knee, and hip.
your back, beginning at the top of your head, downAgain, preventing injuries then depends on maintaining
you spine, continuing through the center of your hips,correct anterior to posterior balance. Assessing this
and ending right in between your feet. Looking atfor yourself will also require the use of a videotape,
yourself from behind, your body should be equallyor a trained professional to make the needed
balanced on both sides of this line: that is to say thatadjustments. Similar to medial to lateral balance, these
the line divides your body right in half. As you stand,adjustments are usually minor and the problem is
walk and run, your body should then stay equallyquite fixable once they are made.
balanced on both sides of this line and at no pointSo the next time you head out for a walk or run,
appear to be leaning to one side or another.they probably will be many things on your mind.
However, this is hardly ever the case. Most peopleMaybe you are even going out to "clear your head".
will have a preference for one side or another, andHowever, one of the last thoughts you probably
will appear to be leaning slightly as they stand, walk,want to have is of an injury. So take a moment to
and run. An example of this is the person who wearsthink about whether or not your body is truly
the tread on one shoe slightly more than the other,balanced. Are you leaning to one side or another? Are
or tends to bump into one side rail on the treadmillyou leaning forward or backward too much? When it
more than the other. When this is the case, the sidecomes to biomechanics and injury prevention, what
that the person tends to lean toward will bear moreoften begins as a small problem, leads to a larger
weight than the other side, adding more load to theproblem, and potentially a setback. What is important
foot, knee, and hip on that side, thereby predisposingto remember is that, in terms of correcting things,
that side of the body to increased injury risk. Sciatica,small changes can have dramatic effects. As long as
iliotibial band syndrome, and lower back strain are allyou are paying attention to your biomechanics, it
examples of poor medial to lateral balance. The onlydoesn't take much to remain injury free, and well on
way to assess your medial to lateral balance is toyour way to healthy weight loss.
either have someone video you standing, running, and