| Thousands of automobile collisions occur everyday. | | | | What was eye opening about these studies was |
| And every day thousands are injured. Unfortunately | | | | what happens to the neck when subjected to |
| for many of these victims the collision is only the | | | | "whiplash" loads. The neck does not snap back into |
| start of their woes. | | | | hyperextension as earlier proposed. Instead the lower |
| Today there is still a stigma over automobile accident | | | | bones in the neck rotate backwards and then the |
| injuries. Many other wise well meaning emergency | | | | upper bones flex forward. At a point in time, merely |
| room physicians, general medical doctors and even | | | | 50 milliseconds into the loading, the spine takes on an |
| many chiropractors do not fully appreciate the extent | | | | "S" configuration. This deformation of the spine |
| of injury suffered by these patients. A recent survey | | | | causes shearing forces tot eh joints, discs, muscle |
| found that a significant percentage of family practice | | | | and ligaments resulting in damage. Interestingly, this |
| and orthopedic physicians question the validity of | | | | phenomenon occurs so quickly it is actually prior to |
| whiplash. [1] | | | | the subject being aware of the impact and before |
| Insurance companies question the existence of | | | | reflexes can protect them. In other words, by the |
| whiplash as well for obvious economic reasons. This | | | | time you are conscious of the impact via sight or |
| often puts the injured parties in conflict with their | | | | sound, your neck is already damaged! |
| own doctor and insurance company. All the victim | | | | After studying this research, prominent researcher |
| knows is that he or she is hurt, but their pleas for | | | | Nikolai Bogduk of the University of Newcastle wrote |
| relief fall on deaf ears. | | | | "As a result of this study, we no longer rely on |
| This doesn't have to be. | | | | inference or speculation; we have a direct |
| There are literally hundreds of scientific and medical | | | | demonstration of the mechanism of injury in |
| journal papers precisely describing the tissues injured | | | | whiplash." [5] |
| and the mechanism by which it occurs in motor | | | | Many newer studies have been performed, many on |
| vehicle collisions. It is no longer theory, but hard | | | | live human subjects using high speed cineradiography |
| science that tells us that whiplash injuries are real. | | | | that conclusively shows the effects of rear impact |
| Human cadavers were filmed with high speed | | | | trauma on the cervical spine. Whiplash is no longer a |
| cineradiography (motion x-rays) while being subjected | | | | theory that can be disputed. Medical science now |
| to simulated rear impact loading in 1997 by Panjabi | | | | proves without reservation that whiplash is indeed |
| and Grauer at the Dept. of Orthopaedics and | | | | real. |
| Rehabilitation at Yale University School of Medicine.[2] | | | | References: |
| This research documented the mechanism of injury in | | | | [1] Evans RW, Evans RJ, Sharp MJ. The physician |
| rear impact collisions. | | | | survey on post concussion and whiplash syndromes. |
| The study was repeated by Panjabi, Cholewicki, | | | | Headache. 1994;34:268-274. |
| Grauer et al. in 1998 this time on live human subjects | | | | [2] Panjabi MM, Grauer JN (1997): "Whiplash produces |
| and yielded similar results. [3] | | | | a S-shape curvature of the neck with hyperextension |
| The findings of these studies were confirmed on live | | | | at lower levels. " Spine 22 (21): 2489-94. |
| human test subjects by Kaneoka et al in 1999 at the | | | | [3] Panjabi MM, Cholewicki J, Nibu K, Grauer JN, Babat |
| Department of Orthopedic Surgery at the University | | | | LB, Dvorak J, Bar HF (1998-12-01): "[Biomechanics of |
| of Tsukuba, Japan.[4] | | | | whiplash injury]." Orthopade 1998 Dec; 27(12): 813-9. |
| The Panjabi and Kaneoka studies proved what | | | | [4] Koji Kaneoka, Koshiro Ono, Satoshi Inami and |
| proponents of whiplash treatment have been saying | | | | Koichiro Hayashi (99-04-15). "Motion analysis of |
| for decades. Namely, the cervical spine is injured in a | | | | cervical vertebrae during whiplash loading. |
| rear impact collision. Whiplash is real. | | | | |