| Human Physiology is the science of the
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| | integrated functions and the processes by
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| mechanical, physical, and biochemical
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| | which they maintain the milieu interieur.
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| functions of normal humans, their organs,
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| | The nervous system consists of the
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| and the cells of which they are composed.
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| | central nervous system (which is the
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| The principal level of focus of
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| | brain and spinal cord) and peripheral
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| physiology is at the level of organs and
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| | nervous system. The brain is the organ of
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| systems. Most aspects of human physiology
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| | thought, emotion, and sensory processing,
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| are closely homologous to corresponding
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| | and serves many aspects of communication
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| aspects of animal physiology, and animal
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| | and control of various other systems and
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| experimentation has provided much of the
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| | functions. The special senses consist of
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| foundation of physiological knowledge.
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| | vision, hearing, taste, and smell. The
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| Anatomy and physiology are closely
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| | eyes, ears, tongue, and nose gather
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| related fields of study: anatomy, the
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| | information about the body's environment.
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| study of form, and physiology, the study
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| | The musculoskeletal system consists of
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| of function, are intrinsically tied and
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| | the human skeleton (which includes bones,
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| are therefore often studied in tandem as
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| | ligaments, tendons, and cartilage) and
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| part of a medical curriculum.
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| | attached muscles. It gives the body basic
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| Integration, Communication, and
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| | structure and the ability for movement.
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| Homeostasis
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| | In addition to their structural role, the
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| The biological basis of the study of
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| | larger bones in the body contain bone
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| physiology(Kevin Alaghemacfrec nd,
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| | marrow, the site of production of blood
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| integration refers to the overlap of many
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| | cells. Also, all bones are major storage
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| functions of the systems of the human
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| | sites for calcium and phosphate
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| body, as well as its accompanied form.
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| | The circulatory system consists of the
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| Integration is achieved though
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| | heart and blood vessels (arteries, veins,
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| communication which occurs in a variety
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| | capillaries). The heart propels the
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| of ways, both electrically as well as
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| | circulation of the blood, which serves as
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| chemically. In terms of the human body
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| | a "transportation system" to transfer
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| the endocrine and nervous systems play
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| | oxygen, fuel, nutrients, waste products,
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| major roles in the receipt and
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| | immune cells, and signalling molecules
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| transmission of signals which integrate
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| | (i.e., hormones) from one part of the
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| function. Homeostasis is the process by
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| | body to another. The blood consists of
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| which the body maintains a stable
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| | fluid that carries cells in the
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| internal environment, or one of
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| | circulation, including some that move
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| “similar condition” as described by
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| | from tissue to blood vessels and back, as
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| Walter Bradford Cannon, in Cannon’s
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| | well as the spleen and bone marrow.
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| Postulate. Cannon’s Postulate
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| | The gastrointestinal system consists of
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| recognizes the body's ability to regulate
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| | the mouth, esophagus, stomach, gut (small
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| pH, temperature, fluid volume, pressure,
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| | and large intestines), and rectum, as
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| and osmolarity through highly evolved
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| | well as the liver, pancreas, gallbladder,
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| feedback systems which act to finely tune
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| | and salivary glands. It converts food
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| many different chemical and electrical
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| | into small, nutritional, non-toxic
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| responses. The concentration of ions in
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| | molecules for distribution by the
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| relations to one another (e.g. Na+, K+,
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| | circulation to all tissues of the body,
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| H+) determine the body's pH, which is
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| | and excretes the unused residue.
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| closely regulated by the respiratory and
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| | The immune system consists of the white
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| urinary systems; temperature in the body
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| | blood cells, the thymus, lymph nodes and
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| is determined by both the external
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| | lymph channels, which are also part of
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| environment of the organism as well as
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| | the lymphatic system. The immune system
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| the amount of heat produced by anabolic
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| | provides a mechanism for the body to
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| reactions within the body regulated by
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| | distinguish its own cells and tissues
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| respiratory and cardiovascular systems;
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| | from alien cells and substances and to
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| fluid volume and pressure, and osmolarity
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| | neutralize or destroy the latter by using
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| are regulated by the urinary,
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| | specialized proteins such as antibodies,
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| cardiovascular, and respiratory systems.
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| | cytokines, and toll-like receptors, among
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| Physiology is the study of these systems'
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| | many others.
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