| Physiology is the study of the
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| | Areas of physiology
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| mechanical, physical, and biochemical
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| | Human and animal
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| functions of living organisms.
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| | Human physiology is the most complex area
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| Physiology has traditionally been divided
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| | in physiology. This area has several
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| into plant physiology and animal
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| | subdivisions which overlap with each
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| physiology but the principles of
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| | other. Many animals have similar anatomy
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| physiology are universal, no matter what
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| | to humans and so share many of these
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| particular organism is being studied. For
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| | areas.
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| example, what is learned about the
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| | Myophysiology deals with the operation of
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| physiology of yeast cells can also apply
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| | muscles
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| to human cells.
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| | Neurophysiology concerns the physiology
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| The field of animal physiology extends
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| | of brains and nerves
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| the tools and methods of human physiology
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| | Cell physiology addresses the functioning
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| to non-human animal species. Plant
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| | of individual cells
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| physiology also borrows techniques from
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| | Comparative or Environmental physiology
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| both fields. Its scope of subjects is at
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| | examines how animals adapt to their
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| least as diverse as the tree of life
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| | environment
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| itself. Due to this diversity of
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| | Evolutionary physiology
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| subjects, research in animal physiology
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| | Membrane physiology focuses on the
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| tends to concentrate on understanding how
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| | exchange of molecules across the cell
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| physiological traits changed throughout
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| | membrane
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| the evolutionary history of animals.
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| | Respiratory physiology describes the
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| Other major branches of scientific study
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| | mechanics of gas exchange at the cellular
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| that have grown out of physiology
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| | level and also at a gross anatomic level
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| research include biochemistry,
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| | within the lungs
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| biophysics, paleobiology, biomechanics,
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| | Circulation also known as cardiovascular
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| and pharmacology.
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| | physiology, deals with the heart, blood
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| History
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| | and blood vessels and issues arising
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| It was Abu Bakr Al Razi (popularly known
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| | Renal physiology focuses on the excretion
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| as Rhazes) who described certain
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| | of ions and other metabolites at the
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| physiological parameters when he went to
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| | kidney
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| establish a hospital at Baghdad in the
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| | Endocrinology covers endocrine hormones
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| eighth century AD. Razi was followed by
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| | which affect every cell in the body
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| Al Kindi, who wrote a treatise on human
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| | Neuroendocrinology concerns the complex
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| physiology. Anatomist William Harvey
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| | interactions of the neurological and
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| described blood circulation in the 17th
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| | endocrinological systems which together
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| century, providing the beginning of
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| | regulate physiology
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| experimental physiology. Herman Boerhaave
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| | Reproductive physiology concerns the
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| is sometimes referred to as the father of
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| | reproductive cycle
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| physiology due to his exemplary teaching
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| | Exercise physiology addresses the
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| in Leiden and textbook 'Institutiones
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| | mechanism and response of the body to
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| medicae'(1708).
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| | movement
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