| If you've read some of my articles in the
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| | swing. The transition point of the swing
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| past, we focused a lot on training the
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| | is where the body finishes its backward
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| body to help you provide more power,
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| | movement and begins the forward movement
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| consistency and accuracy to your golf
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| | of the swing. The best reference point of
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| swing.
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| | when the transition stage of the swing
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| Today, we are going to get a little more
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| | begins is when weight shift onto the
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| scientific. So hang with me.
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| | inside of the right foot (right-handed
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| I am going to explain the biomechanics of
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| | golfer) is completed and movement back
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| golf. Biomechanics is the study of human
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| | towards the left foot begins. The
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| movement.
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| | transition in terms of a time frame is
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| Using this definition in golf, it is
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| | very short and is completed when weight
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| essentially studying how the body moves
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| | transfer begins to move forward, and the
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| when swinging a golf club. Biomechanics
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| | club completes its movement backwards.
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| is the study what the skeleton, muscles,
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| | Research states that the transition of
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| and nerves of the body do when hitting a
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| | the swing is where additional elastic
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| golf ball. There are actually folks out
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| | energy is stored within the body. This is
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| there that make a living studying these
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| | a result of the lower body moving forward
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| movements, they are called
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| | and the upper body still "coiling"
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| Biomechanists'. And the great thing about
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| | backward. Studies show that at the
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| golf is that there have been a ton of
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| | completion of the transition (top of the
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| scientific studies on the golf swing. In
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| | back swing) the hips are closed to
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| addition, this research has allowed
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| | approximately 45 degrees and the
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| biomechanists to create a model of the
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| | shoulders are closed to about 100 degrees
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| "optimal" swing in the sport of golf.
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| | (Fleisig, Biomechanics of Golf).
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| All of this research has been beneficial
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| | After completion of the transition, the
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| to the golf industry. It has provided
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| | down swing into impact begins. Weight
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| club manufacturers, swing coaches,
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| | shift continues during the down swing.
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| trainers, and players with an abundant
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| | The generation of torque is created in
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| amount of knowledge to improve the game
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| | the lower body and then transitioned up
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| in many areas.
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| | through the body into the club and
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| Biomechanics of the Golf Swing Stage by
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| | eventually the club head. According to
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| Stage
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| | Fleisig, the majority of torque in the
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| Most biomechanists break the golf swing
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| | swing is generated by the lower body
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| down into phases.
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| | muscle groups of the glutes, hamstrings,
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| We will talk about the swing into the
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| | quads, and core region (low back,
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| following phases: 1) address, 2) back
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| | abdominals, obliques). The torque created
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| swing, 3) transition, 4) down swing, 4)
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| | in the lower body creates acceleration in
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| contact, 5) follow through, 6) finish. I
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| | the upper body as energy is transferred
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| will also relate what the body does
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| | into the club head. EMG studies indicate
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| during each of these phases, which
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| | that there is moderate activity of the
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| muscles are active, and any additional
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| | pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, and
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| information applicable to biomechanical
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| | rotator cuff muscles (Geisler,
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| study of the golf swing.
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| | Kinesiology of the Full Golf Swing)
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| The golf swing begins in the address
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| | during the downswing. The downswing is
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| stage. The address stage is the position
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| | complete at the point in which impact
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| that the golfer places their body in to
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| | occurs with the golf ball.
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| begin the swing. According to Glenn
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| | Impact with the ball occurs for
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| Fleisig MD, the address position is a
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| | approximately half a milli-second
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| functional body position which includes
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| | (Fleisig, Biomechanics of Golf). The
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| the proper grip and body position. A
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| | purpose of impact is to hit the ball in
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| balanced, "athletic" address position,
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| | the correct direction with the chosen
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| which is consistent swing to swing, will
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| | amount of force by the golfer. At impact
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| provide the golfer with the correct
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| | the weight transfer is complete. Shear
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| starting position for the swing.
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| | force from both feet are towards the
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| Inconsistency in either how the body is
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| | intended target. Research indicates that
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| set up or with the grip leads to
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| | at impact the left foot (right-handed
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| inconsistency on shot to shot. The body
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| | golfer) is supporting 80% to 95% of the
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| in terms of muscle activity is fairly low
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| | golfer's weight (Fleisig, Biomechanics of
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| at address. The muscles of the body are
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| | Golf). Impact again occurs for a very
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| supporting the body in a specific
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| | short amount of time (.0005 seconds).
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| anatomical position and preparing it to
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| | Impact is the point at which the
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| swing a club.
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| | potential energy created by the body
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| The back swing (take away) is when the
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| | during the back swing, transition, and
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| body begins to move the club. The back
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| | down swing is transferred into the club
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| swing is the portion of the swing that
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| | and club head. The potential energy
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| places the body in the correct position
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| | created by the body is then transferred
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| to begin the downswing. During the entire
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| | into kinetic energy as club head comes
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| back swing the body begins the
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| | into contact with the ball.
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| recruitment of energy that will be
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| | After contact, the impact stage of the
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| transitioned at the top of the back swing
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| | swing is complete and the follow through
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| towards the ball. Key points from a
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| | stage begins. The follow through is
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| biomechanical analysis of the back swing
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| | essentially the deceleration of the body
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| are: as the club moves backwards shear
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| | after contact with the ball has been
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| force is applied to anterior portion of
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| | made. This is completed through the body
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| the right foot, at the same time a
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| | rotating to a completion point where the
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| posterior shear force is applied to the
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| | club head is behind the golfer.
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| left foot (Fleisig, Biomechanics of
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| | Deceleration by the body occurs as a
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| Golf). This is the beginning of torque
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| | result of the absorption of energy back
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| development in the body that will be
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| | up through the kinetic chain of the body.
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| transitioned into the club head at
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| | Follow through is where the body slows
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| impact. Rotation of the knees, hips,
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| | itself back down and dissipates all the
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| spine, and shoulders continues during the
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| | kinetic energy create by it, which was
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| back swing creating additional torque to
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| | not delivered into the ball.
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| be translated into the club head in later
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| | Summary
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| stages of the swing. The important point
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| | As you can see, the golf swing is
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| to remember in the back swing is that the
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| | directly connected to the body. And it is
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| entire rotation of these body parts
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| | the body that generates, directs, and
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| occurs around an imaginary axis of the
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| | delivers energy to the golf ball.
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| body. EMG activity is moderate during
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| | Limitations in the body in terms of
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| this stage of the swing as a result that
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| | flexibility, muscular strength,
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| the body during this portion of the swing
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| | endurance, or power can create
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| is essentially creating/storing energy
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| | limitations in the swing from a
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| that will be released towards the end of
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| | biomechanical perspective. In addition,
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| the swing.
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| | mechanical inefficiencies in the swing
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| The completion of the back swing is what
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| | itself limit the potential and kinetic
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| is termed the "transition" stage of the
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| | energy outputs of the body.
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